Compare Guatemala (2002) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2004)

Compare Guatemala (2002) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2004)

	Guatemala (2002)	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2004)

Administrative divisions	22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: 41.8% (male 2,841,486; female 2,725,343) 15-64 years: 54.5% (male 3,629,363; female 3,630,273) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 227,369; female 260,245) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	475 (2001)	5 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 455 464 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 9 914 to 1,523 m: 9 123 under 914 m: 115 331 (2002)	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 108,890 sq km land: 108,430 sq km water: 460 sq km	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Tennessee	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	Guatemala was freed of Spanish colonial rule in 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a variety of military and civilian governments as well as a 36-year guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally ending the conflict, which had led to the death of more than 100,000 people and had created some 1 million refugees.	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	34.17 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.1 billion expenditures: $2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Capital	Guatemala	Stanley
Climate	tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	400 km	1,288 km
Constitution	31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended 25 May 1993 by former President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Guatemala conventional short form: Guatemala local long form: Republica de Guatemala local short form: Guatemala	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency	quetzal (GTQ), US dollar (USD), others allowed	Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate	6.67 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$4.5 billion (2001 est.)	NA (1999 est.)
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador John Randle HAMILTON embassy: 7-01 Avenida Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala City mailing address: APO AA 34024 telephone: [502] 331-1541/55 FAX: [502] 334-8477	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Antonio Fernando ARENALES Forno chancery: 2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 745-4952 FAX: [1] (202) 745-1908 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	the "Line of Adjacency", established as an agreed limit in 2000 to check squatters settling in Belize, remains in place while OAS assists states to resolve Guatemalan territorial claims in Belize and Guatemalan maritime access to the Caribbean Sea	claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks
Economic aid - recipient	$212 million (1995) (1995)	none (1997 est.)
Economy - overview	The agricultural sector accounts for about one-fourth of GDP, two-thirds of exports, and half of the labor force. Coffee, sugar, and bananas are the main products. Former President ARZU (1996-2000) worked to implement a program of economic liberalization and political modernization. The 1996 signing of the peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment. In 1998, Hurricane Mitch caused relatively little damage to Guatemala compared to its neighbors. Ongoing challenges include increasing government revenues, negotiating further assistance from international donors, and increasing the efficiency and openness of both government and private financial operations. Despite low international prices for Guatemala's main commodities, the economy grew by 3% in 2000 and 2.3% in 2001. Guatemala, along with Honduras and El Salvador, recently concluded a free trade agreement with Mexico and has moved to protect international property rights. However, the PORTILLO administration has undertaken a review of privatizations under the previous administration, thereby creating some uncertainty among investors.	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	4.797 billion kWh (2000)	15.19 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	840 million kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	123 million kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	5.929 billion kWh (2000)	16.33 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 50% hydro: 45% nuclear: 0% other: 5% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation in the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water pollution	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol	-
Ethnic groups	Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish or assimilated Amerindian - in local Spanish called Ladino), approximately 55%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian, approximately 43%, whites and others 2%	British
Exchange rates	quetzales per US dollar - 8.0165 (January 2002), 7.8586 (2001), 7.7632 (2000), 7.3856 (1999), 6.3947 (1998), 6.0653 (1997)	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6125 (2003), 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.618 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera (since 14 January 2000); Vice President Juan Francisco REYES Lopez (since 14 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera (since 14 January 2000); Vice President Juan Francisco REYES Lopez (since 14 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 7 November 1999; runoff held 26 December 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003) election results: Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera elected president; percent of vote - Alfonso Antonio PORTILLO Cabrera (FRG) 68%, Oscar BERGER Perdomo (PAN) 32%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	$2.9 billion f.o.b. (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	coffee, sugar, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom, meat, apparel, petroleum, electricity	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	US 57%, El Salvador 8.7%, Costa Rica 3.7%, Nicaragua 2.8%, Germany 2.6% (2000)	Spain 80%, UK 9.3%, US 3.6% (2003)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP	purchasing power parity - $48.3 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 23% industry: 20% services: 57% (2000 est.)	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,700 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.3% (2001 est.)	NA
Geographic coordinates	15 30 N, 90 15 W	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	no natural harbors on west coast	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Highways	total: 13,856 km paved: 4,370 km (including 140 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,486 km (1998)	total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 46% (1998) (1998)	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	major transit country for cocaine and heroin; minor producer of illicit opium poppy and cannabis for mostly domestic consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs (cocaine and heroin shipments); money laundering is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem	-
Imports	$4.9 billion f.o.b. (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	US 35.2%, Mexico 12.6%, South Korea 7.9%, El Salvador 6.4%, Venezuela 3.9% (2000)	UK 62%, Spain 30.4%, Italy 2.5% (2003)
Independence	15 September 1821 (from Spain)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	4.1% (1999) (1999)	NA
Industries	sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism	fish and wool processing; tourism
Infant mortality rate	44.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	7.6% (2001) (2001)	3.6% (1998)
International organization participation	BCIE, CACM, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ICFTU, UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	5 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	1,250 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (thirteen members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a president of the Court each year from among their number; the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms); Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad (five judges are elected for concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president of the Constitutional Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the President, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados)	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	4.2 million (1999 est.)	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 50%, industry 15%, services 35% (1999 est.)	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	total: 1,687 km border countries: Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 12.54% permanent crops: 5.03% other: 82.43% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2001)
Languages	Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)	English
Legal system	civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (113 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 7 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FRG 63, PAN 37, ANN 9, DCG 2, UD/LOV 1, PLP 1; note - as of January 2003, the seat count is FRG 63, PAN 19, ANN 3, Unionista 10, URNG 5, UNE 6, independent 3, other 4 note: for the 7 November 1999 election, the number of congressional seats increased to 113 from 80; for the November 2003 election, the number of congressional seats will increase by 12-15 seats from the current 113	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 66.85 years male: 64.16 years female: 69.66 years (2002 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 63.6% male: 68.7% female: 58.5% (2000 est.)	-
Location	Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Honduras and Belize and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean	South America
Maritime claims	continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force	no regular military forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$120 million (FY99)	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.6% (FY99)	NA
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 3,186,894 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 2,080,504 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 140,358 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 15 September (1821)	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Guatemalan(s) adjective: Guatemalan	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss
Net migration rate	-1.79 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	crude oil 275 km	-
Political parties and leaders	Authentic Integral Development or DIA [Eduardo SUGER]; Democratic Union or UD [Rodolfo PAIZ Andrade]; Green Party or LOV [Rodolfo ROSALES Garcis-Salaz]; Guatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG [Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Secretary General Alba ESTELA Maldonado]; Guatemalan Republican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; Movement for Guatemalan Unity or MGU [Jacobo ARBENZ Villanueva]; Movement for Principals and Values or MPV [Francisco BIANCHI]; National Advancement Party or PAN [Secretary General Leonel LOPEZ Rodas]; National Unity for Hope or UNE [Alvarado COLOM Caballeros]; New Nation Alliance or ANN, formed by an alliance of DIA, URNG, and several splinter groups most of whom subsequently defected [led by three co-equal partners - Nineth Varenca MONTENEGRO Cottom, Rodolfo BAUER Paiz, and Jorge Antonio BALSELLS TUT]; Patriot Party or PP [retired General Otto PEREZ Molina]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARES Molina]; Reform Movement or MR [Secretary General Alfredo SKINNER-KLEE]; Unionista Party [leader NA]	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	Agrarian Owners Group or UNAGRO; Alliance Against Impunity or AAI; Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC; Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF; Mutual Support Group or GAM	none
Population	13,314,079 (July 2002 est.)	2,967 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	60% (2000 est.)	NA
Population growth rate	2.57% (2002 est.)	2.44% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Champerico, Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, San Jose, Santo Tomas de Castilla	Stanley note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988
Radio broadcast stations	AM 130, FM 487, shortwave 15 (2000)	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	835,000 (1997)	-
Railways	total: 884 km narrow gauge: 884 km 0.914-m gauge (single-track) note: much of the railway is inoperable (2001 est.)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous Mayan beliefs	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal (active duty members of the armed forces may not vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day)	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala domestic: NA international: connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	665,061 (June 2000)	2,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	663,296 (September 2000)	0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	26 (plus 27 repeaters) (1997)	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten)	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	4.51 children born/woman (2002 est.)	NA children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	7.5% (1999 est.)	full employment; labor shortage (2001)
Waterways	990 km note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during highwater season	-

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